Hoag Comprehensive Stroke Program
1 Hoag Dr, Newport Beach, CA 92663
(949) 764-6066
- About
- Understanding Strokes
- Diagnostics & Treatment
- Education & Resources
- Meet the Team
Stroke Signs, Symptoms and Risk Factors
What is Stroke?
A stroke is a serious medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted or blocked, leading to brain cell damage. Strokes can be caused by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or a burst blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Immediate medical attention is crucial to minimize long-term effects and improve recovery outcomes.
Understanding Types of Strokes
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, making up nearly 9 out of 10 cases. It happens when a blood clot or a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) blocks an artery that carries blood to the brain. Without blood flow, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients, leading to damage within minutes. Causes and risk factors include:
Blood clots that travel from the heart (often linked to atrial fibrillation or heart valve disease)
Narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis (plaque buildup)
High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol
A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts, causing bleeding in or around the brain. This bleeding puts pressure on brain tissue and can cause significant damage. Causes and risk factors include:
Uncontrolled high blood pressure (the leading cause)
Aneurysms (weakened, bulging blood vessels that can rupture)
Arteriovenous malformations (abnormal tangles of blood vessels in the brain)
Blood-thinning medications or bleeding disorders
Often called a “mini-stroke,” a TIA happens when blood flow to part of the brain is temporarily blocked, usually for just a few minutes. Unlike a stroke, a TIA doesn’t cause permanent damage, but it is a critical warning sign. Up to one-third of people who experience a TIA will go on to have a full stroke, often within the first year. Causes and risk factors include:
The same risk factors as ischemic stroke (blood clots, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation)
Short-term narrowing of a blood vessel due to plaque or a small clot that quickly dissolves
Signs & Symptoms of a Stroke
Recognizing the symptoms of a stroke can help save lives. Use the FAST acronym to identify the warning signs:

B – Balance: Sudden loss of balance or dizziness
E – Eyes: Sudden blurred vision or loss of vision
F – Face: Sudden facial droop or uneven smile
A – Arm: Sudden arm weakness or arm numbness
S – Speech: Sudden slurred, sudden difficulty speaking or understanding
T – Time: If you notice these signs, call 911 and get to the hospital immediately.
Other stroke symptoms include sudden confusion, difficulty walking, loss of balance, severe headaches, and vision problems.
Take Action: Stroke Prevention & Early Detection
Preventing a stroke starts with a healthy lifestyle and regular checkups. Reduce your risk by:
Managing high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
Adopting a heart-healthy diet and staying physically active.
Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake.
Monitoring irregular heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation) that can lead to stroke.

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