Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the name given to a number of symptoms related to hormonal imbalance that interferes with ovulation. The ovaries of women with PCOS may appear enlarged or surrounded by cysts, small fluid-filled sacs containing a follicle in which a single egg is readying for ovulation.

In PCOS, follicle development ends too soon, and ovulation does not occur.

Symptoms include:

• Irregular periods

• Facial or excessive body hair

• Severe acne

• Male-pattern baldness

• Difficulty getting pregnant

• Small pieces of excess skin on the neck or armpits (skin tags)

• Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and under the breasts

• Weight gain, especially around the belly

How is PCOS diagnosed?

Your gynecologist or OB/GYN may order:

• An Ultrasound test to look at your ovaries. Polycystic ovaries may look larger, and many follicles containing immature eggs may develop around the edge of the ovary.

• Blood test to check your hormone levels.

How is PCOS treated?

If you do plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

• Lifestyle changes – a healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and help your body use insulin more efficiently, which could lower blood glucose levels, and may help you ovulate.

• Medications – your doctor may prescribe medications to cause ovulation. Learn more about fertility treatment options here.

If you do not plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

• Birth control pills

• Diabetes medication

See your Hoag gynecologist or OB/GYN if you’re experiencing PCOS.

What are the health risks of PCOS?

Women with PCOS are likely to have problems getting pregnant. They may also be at increased risk of developing:

• Type 2 diabetes

• High blood pressure

• Heart and vascular problems

If you are experiencing fertility problems, learn more about fertility options here.