Understanding your cholesterol labs

By Dr. Alexis Goswitz

Cholesterol testing can feel confusing, especially when lab results don’t come with much explanation. Let’s break down what these numbers mean, how coronary calcium scoring fits in, and where supplements do—and don’t—play a role.

Understanding cholesterol labs

A standard lipid panel includes:

• LDL (low-density lipoprotein):

  often called “bad” cholesterol

• HDL (high-density lipoprotein):

  often called “good” cholesterol

• Triglycerides:

  a type of fat in the blood

• Total cholesterol

LDL cholesterol is a key focus because higher levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease.

What is a CT coronary calcium score?

A CT coronary calcium scan is a specialized imaging test that looks for calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. The result is a calcium score:

• Zero

  suggests no detectable plaque

• Higher scores

  indicate increasing plaque burden and cardiovascular risk

This test does not replace cholesterol labs but can help refine risk assessment in certain patients.

Supplements: myths vs. facts

Many supplements are marketed for cholesterol lowering, but evidence varies:

• Some supplements may have modest effects on cholesterol levels

• Supplements are

  not regulated like medications

• They do not replace lifestyle changes or prescription therapies when those are indicated

Always talk with your physician before starting supplements, especially if you take other medications.

The Bottom Line

Cholesterol management is about overall cardiovascular risk—not just one number. Labs, imaging, lifestyle, and medical history all work together to guide personalized care.

Learn more about Hoag’s newest primary care physicians and the Jeffrey M. Carlton Heart & Vascular Institute.